Medical Disclaimer

Articles, listings, evidence summaries and comparisons on MHI do not diagnose conditions, prescribe treatments, or tell you what care you personally should receive. They describe options and evidence in general terms so you can prepare better questions for a clinician.

Individual health decisions depend on your history, examination, tests and professional judgement — none of which MHI can provide through a website.

If you think you are experiencing a medical emergency, contact emergency services immediately (in the UK, call 999). You can also use NHS 111 for urgent medical advice when it is not an emergency.

Do not use MHI to decide whether an emergency is unfolding.

Before starting, stopping or changing any treatment, medication, supplement or screening plan, consult a qualified professional who can consider your circumstances.

Regulatory status, research summaries and clinic descriptions on MHI are starting points for diligence — not a substitute for clinical assessment.

We aim for accurate, sourced, carefully worded information. Health knowledge and regulations change. Pages may be incomplete or lag behind the latest research. Our Methodology and Editorial Policy explain how we research and update content.

Listing a provider, product, treatment or brand on MHI is not an endorsement, referral or guarantee of safety, effectiveness, value or suitability for you.

An editorially reviewed label means a deeper editorial pass has been completed on that profile — not that MHI certifies clinical quality or outcomes.

Using this website does not create a clinician–patient, pharmacist or counselling relationship with The Modern Health Index or with any listed provider.